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How did the geography of China, Japan, and Korea influence the development of each culture?
This isn't in my history book, but we have to do this in a unit review packet. Thanks for the help!
Answer
Over the last millenium or so Korea has been harassed and invaded by its larger, more aggressive neighbors numerous times - the Chinese, the Mongols, the Jurchens(Manchus), and especially the Japanese. The Koreans have an expression which is telling: "A shrimp caught between whales".
After the devastating double invasion by Japan near the end of the 16th century Korea never quite recovered from the loss until modern times, whereas Japan profited not only from the material plunder but also from the skills and civilizing influence of craftsmen and scholars captured and taken to Japan. There is in the outskirts of Kyoto, Japan, a monument known as Mimizuka ("Ear Mound"), which is literally the tomb of some 38,000 noses and ears cut from dead Koreans as war trophies.
As a result of this horrible experience the Korean court closed the country off from the outside world (hence the nickname "The Hermit Kingdom") until forced to open up late in the 19th century. By then Japan had already opened up to Western civilization and was rapidly becoming a military power to reckon with, which led to Japan taking over Korea once again early in the 20th century, this time annexing it officially as a colony of Japan.
Life in Korea under Japanese colonial rule was brutal and exploitative. For example, Koreans were forbidden to speak their own language and had to change their names to Japanese ones. Many cultural treasures were destroyed or stolen not only for their value but in a systematic attempt to erase Korean history and identity altogether, to try to turn Koreans into second-class Japanese. Would you believe buildings were moved(!) in order to ruin the good feng sui in Korea's capital? Sounds incredible, but it happened.
Many Koreans were relocated to Japan, Central Asia and Siberia, either by force or through deceptive recruitment, to help with Japan's war effort in the 1940's, then simply abandoned there when Japan surrendered. There are many ethnic Koreans living in those areas today, descendants of those unfortunates. There is also the problem of the 'Comfort Women', women of Korean and other Asian countries (and also some Dutch women captured in Indonesia) who were forced to work as sex slaves to Japanese soldiers. The whitewashing of history and reluctance on the part of the Japanese government to confront this particular chapter of Japan's imperial history has been a source of ongoing tension between Japan and its neighbors.
Today though, there are many healthy signs of progress. Young people in both South Korea and Japan are becoming aware of each other as people, not just historical abstractions. They are visiting each other's countries in record numbers. Korean TV shows and pop stars are becoming popular in Japan, and Japanese comics and animation are all the rage in South Korea. The respective governments have done much good work in order to cement economic and cultural ties between the two nations which are, after all, next-door neighbors with many physical and cultural similarities, and have always had close dealings throughout history. There is even talk of constructing an undersea tunnel connecting the two countries. Whether or not that actually comes to pass, it is surely a sign of more to come.
Over the last millenium or so Korea has been harassed and invaded by its larger, more aggressive neighbors numerous times - the Chinese, the Mongols, the Jurchens(Manchus), and especially the Japanese. The Koreans have an expression which is telling: "A shrimp caught between whales".
After the devastating double invasion by Japan near the end of the 16th century Korea never quite recovered from the loss until modern times, whereas Japan profited not only from the material plunder but also from the skills and civilizing influence of craftsmen and scholars captured and taken to Japan. There is in the outskirts of Kyoto, Japan, a monument known as Mimizuka ("Ear Mound"), which is literally the tomb of some 38,000 noses and ears cut from dead Koreans as war trophies.
As a result of this horrible experience the Korean court closed the country off from the outside world (hence the nickname "The Hermit Kingdom") until forced to open up late in the 19th century. By then Japan had already opened up to Western civilization and was rapidly becoming a military power to reckon with, which led to Japan taking over Korea once again early in the 20th century, this time annexing it officially as a colony of Japan.
Life in Korea under Japanese colonial rule was brutal and exploitative. For example, Koreans were forbidden to speak their own language and had to change their names to Japanese ones. Many cultural treasures were destroyed or stolen not only for their value but in a systematic attempt to erase Korean history and identity altogether, to try to turn Koreans into second-class Japanese. Would you believe buildings were moved(!) in order to ruin the good feng sui in Korea's capital? Sounds incredible, but it happened.
Many Koreans were relocated to Japan, Central Asia and Siberia, either by force or through deceptive recruitment, to help with Japan's war effort in the 1940's, then simply abandoned there when Japan surrendered. There are many ethnic Koreans living in those areas today, descendants of those unfortunates. There is also the problem of the 'Comfort Women', women of Korean and other Asian countries (and also some Dutch women captured in Indonesia) who were forced to work as sex slaves to Japanese soldiers. The whitewashing of history and reluctance on the part of the Japanese government to confront this particular chapter of Japan's imperial history has been a source of ongoing tension between Japan and its neighbors.
Today though, there are many healthy signs of progress. Young people in both South Korea and Japan are becoming aware of each other as people, not just historical abstractions. They are visiting each other's countries in record numbers. Korean TV shows and pop stars are becoming popular in Japan, and Japanese comics and animation are all the rage in South Korea. The respective governments have done much good work in order to cement economic and cultural ties between the two nations which are, after all, next-door neighbors with many physical and cultural similarities, and have always had close dealings throughout history. There is even talk of constructing an undersea tunnel connecting the two countries. Whether or not that actually comes to pass, it is surely a sign of more to come.
What are the chances that Baltimore will suffer a nuclear attack in 2009?
Bob
Just like Independence Day led to 9/11, the CBS show Jericho is foreshadowing a nuclear attack on US cities. All the arrows seem to be pointing at Baltimore with its emphasis on mass evacuations, port security, etc. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were also industrial port cities decimated by the first and only atomic bombs to be used on civilized populations. With the frenzy generated over other targets like Chicago, New York and LA, maybe Baltimore is falling under the radar. Could the "bombs bursting in air" from 1812 turn out to be "mushroom clouds rising from the ground" in 2009?
Independence Day featured the destruction of the White House and other landmarks by an alien death beam. Hollywood has an uncanny way of reminding Americans of her past (e.g. Saving Private Ryan as a patriotic booster) and eerily predicting the future.
Answer
You have fried your brain by watching so much Bull shine from Hollywood and TV, why should
anything happen in 2009 that cant happen in 2007??
Hiroshima was chosen because of its large size, its being "an important army depot" and the potential that the bomb would cause greater destruction because the city was surrounded by hills which would have a "focusing effect".
The city of Nagasaki had been one of the largest sea ports in southern Japan and was of great wartime importance because of its wide-ranging industrial activity, including the production of ordnance, ships, military equipment, and other war materials.
In contrast to many modern aspects of Hiroshima, the bulk of the residences were of old-fashioned Japanese construction, consisting of wood or wood-frame buildings, with wood walls (with or without plaster), and tile roofs. Many of the smaller industries and business establishments were also housed in buildings of wood or other materials not designed to withstand explosions. Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley.
And from who and where do you think the attack is coming from??
You have fried your brain by watching so much Bull shine from Hollywood and TV, why should
anything happen in 2009 that cant happen in 2007??
Hiroshima was chosen because of its large size, its being "an important army depot" and the potential that the bomb would cause greater destruction because the city was surrounded by hills which would have a "focusing effect".
The city of Nagasaki had been one of the largest sea ports in southern Japan and was of great wartime importance because of its wide-ranging industrial activity, including the production of ordnance, ships, military equipment, and other war materials.
In contrast to many modern aspects of Hiroshima, the bulk of the residences were of old-fashioned Japanese construction, consisting of wood or wood-frame buildings, with wood walls (with or without plaster), and tile roofs. Many of the smaller industries and business establishments were also housed in buildings of wood or other materials not designed to withstand explosions. Nagasaki had been permitted to grow for many years without conforming to any definite city zoning plan; residences were erected adjacent to factory buildings and to each other almost as closely as possible throughout the entire industrial valley.
And from who and where do you think the attack is coming from??
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Title Post: How did geography affect the development of asian cultures?
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